Arda Tunca

What makes a person Turkish or Greek? Is it the land where they were born? The language they speak? The religion they practice? The state of which they are a citizen? Or the community to which they feel they belong? From today's perspective, many people might regard these as questions with straightforward answers. Yet, for many people living during the final century of the Ottoman Empire, categories such as territory, language, religion, citizenship, and communal belonging were far less...

Following military defeats in the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire modeled its institutions on Europe, making Western music a cultural extension of its modernization program. The musical transformation within the palace went beyond merely adopting new instruments, notation systems, or compositional forms. The Ottoman dynasty engaged in a multi-layered network of relationships involving European composers, virtuosos, opera institutions, music publishers, aristocratic patrons, and intellectual...

Never has economics possessed more powerful analytical tools. Yet it has rarely faced a world changing so rapidly. Artificial intelligence is reshaping technological competition while concentrating economic power in a handful of firms. Climate change has moved from an environmental concern to a defining economic constraint. Geopolitical rivalry increasingly shapes trade, investment, industrial policy, and technological development. Global supply chains, once celebrated as symbols of economic...