Arda Tunca

A declaration of war may have a precise date. However, the capacity to fight it is formed over decades or centuries through a variety of factors. A commercial crisis may erupt suddenly, but the structure of trade, credit, property, and social hierarchy that makes the crisis possible may have a much longer history. The Annales tradition introduces a valuable perspective on history. It changed the meaning of historical explanation. The history of any discipline should examine the temporalities...

My interest in Karamanlidika studies began with a family question. For some time, my cousin Onur Ertur and I have been trying to trace the history of one of our ancestors, Konyali Hacı Mehmet Efendi. From the information available to us, we estimate that he moved from Konya to Edirne sometime around the end of the seventeenth or the beginning of the eighteenth century. Konya lies within the broader central Anatolian geography that figures prominently in the history of the Karamanlis and...

Wars heighten economic actors’ perception of risk. The conditions created by wars may offer advantages to certain interest groups. For society as a whole, however, they strengthen the desire for economic security. Under such circumstances, savers can be expected to turn to government bonds, which they regard as safe assets that protect their economic interests. Bond prices and yields move in opposite directions. Therefore, purchases by savers raise bond prices but lower bond yields. Recent...