China did not enter the 21st century as a newcomer to science and technology. It returned. China’s present confrontation with the West over semiconductors, artificial intelligence, and digital sovereignty is not simply a rivalry between latecomer and incumbent. It reflects  a much longer civilizational history  of technical power, institutional coordination, and state-directed knowledge production . No Western thinker did more to restore this depth of memory, and no one unset

I previously wrote an article titled Trump’s Industrial Nostalgia Misses the Modern Economy , which sparked valuable discussions within...

In 1950, nearly one in three American workers had a job in manufacturing. Today, it's fewer than one in twelve. Despite decades of...

Trade wars don’t kill trade entirely, but they shrink and reroute it. That’s exactly what we’re seeing as tensions between the United...