In 2015, a group of scientists, technology visionaries, and artificial intelligence researchers signed a letter expressing their concerns...

A Journey of Thought Beginning in a Bookstore It was a day in 1993. I was walking from Taksim Square towards Gümüşsuyu. At the top of the...

I wrote the article, The Contradictory Paths of Civilization , when I was 22, just after graduating from university. The books and...

Introduction Understanding philosophers within their historical context is essential for accurately interpreting their ideas. Without...

Introduction This article explores how key early modern thinkers, especially Hobbes and Machiavelli, conceptualized human nature and...

Introduction Baruch Spinoza, in his Political Treatise , presents a political framework aimed at ensuring the state's durability by...

There is a never-ending issue in the Middle East. It is a millennia-old problem that has plunged people and generations into pain and...

In the shadowed taverns and smoky tekédes of early 20th-century Greece, a sound emerged that would come to define an era of displacement, sorrow, defiance, and deep communal memory. This sound was Rebetiko, a form of Greek urban music born from exile, war, poverty, and cultural hybridity. It was the voice of the marginalized, the music of the mángas and aláni , whose lives unfolded outside the boundaries of respectability, yet within the rich and unruly heart of a reshaped

Introduction Baruch Spinoza’s   Political Treatise (Tractatus Politicus) , though unfinished at his death in 1677, stands as a seminal...

Before 1970, Chile was considered one of Latin America’s most advanced constitutional democracies . Yet, this political stability failed...

Introduction Science gained enormous momentum in deciphering nature's mysteries through the Enlightenment. However, this process,...

There was a time when I believed in the future of my country, Turkey. Not with the romanticism of slogans or the illusions of hero...

Some time ago, I was strolling through the streets and squares of Copenhagen. The elegant theater building in Nyhavn and the refined...

Abstract Prevailing assumptions about religious affiliation overlook a deeper anthropological truth. In most societies, religion...

It was the winter of 1944, and a young American spy named Moe Berg sat in a theater in Zürich, Switzerland, with a pistol hidden in his...

In 1910, news spreads that Halley's Comet  will crash into the Earth. The news causes a great stir in Ottoman society. From neighborhood...

The Orientalist trend in the late 19th century was driven by a combination of imperial expansion, technological advancements, artistic...

If we compare Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk (Total Artwork) to Goethe’s Weltliteratur (World Literature) , we find two artistic visions that...

Denmark has produced several noteworthy classical music composers, spanning different eras. However, Dieterich Buxtehude’s place in the...

Economic changes have long been a driving force in shaping societies, influencing social structures, cultural norms, and political...