

China as a Civilization-State
Introduction China represents the only major civilization whose cultural foundations extend roughly five millennia into the past, whose written historical record spans more than three millennia, and whose state institutions have exhibited recognizable continuity since the imperial unification of 221 BCE. While the political form of the Chinese state has repeatedly disintegrated and reconstituted itself across more than two millennia, the underlying civilizational framework—it
Arda Tunca
Apr 428 min read


Trade Wars and the Great Supply Chain Shuffle
Trade wars don’t kill trade entirely, but they shrink and reroute it. That’s exactly what we’re seeing as tensions between the United...
Arda Tunca
Jun 9, 20253 min read


Temporary Truce: Why the U.S.–China Trade Agreement Leaves More Questions Than Answers
The U.S. and China have agreed to roll back some of the harshest tariffs imposed during the latest round of their trade conflict. For...
Arda Tunca
May 13, 20252 min read


Trump’s Tariff Shock: How Protectionism Is Unraveling Global Trade and Supply Chains
In almost just a couple of months, Donald Trump has rolled back over a century of U.S. trade liberalization, plunging the global economy...
Arda Tunca
Apr 6, 20254 min read









