My interest in Karamanlidika studies began with a family question. For some time, my cousin Onur Ertur and I have been trying to trace the history of one of our ancestors, Konyali Hacı Mehmet Efendi. From the information available to us, we estimate that he moved from Konya to Edirne sometime around the end of the seventeenth or the beginning of the eighteenth century. Konya lies within the broader central Anatolian geography that figures prominently in the history of the Kar

Wars heighten economic actors’ perception of risk. The conditions created by wars may offer advantages to certain interest groups. For society as a whole, however, they strengthen the desire for economic security. Under such circumstances, savers can be expected to turn to government bonds, which they regard as safe assets that protect their economic interests. Bond prices and yields move in opposite directions. Therefore, purchases by savers raise bond prices but lower bond

Explaining historical identities through the values of the present can lead to misleading judgments. The Turkish terms Yunan and Rum, the name Hellene, and the English designation Greek are sometimes treated as interchangeable as a result of such judgments. Yet each of these words bears the traces of historical relationships that emerged during different periods in the Aegean, Anatolia, North Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. In Modern Greek, a Greek calls himself Έλληνα

Eight months after American forces captured Nicolás Maduro in Caracas, Chevron announced plans to invest more than $7 billion in Venezuela. The American oil company intends to more than double its production in the country over five years. Venezuela has the world’s largest proven oil reserves but produces only around 1.25 million barrels a day. Its petroleum industry has been devastated by mismanagement, corruption, underinvestment, the loss of technical expertise and America