Introduction Lagina was one of the most important religious centers of ancient Caria. Known throughout the ancient world as the principal sanctuary of the cult of Hecate, it stands as a significant historical sacred site demonstrating how the indigenous religious traditions of Anatolia became integrated into the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. The origins of the cult of Hecate remain uncertain. Nevertheless, many scholars argue that its roots predate the Archaic Period (c. 800–

This article examines the pivotal role of Roger Bacon in the transformation of Western epistemology from medieval scholasticism to the foundations of modern scientific and mechanistic thought. It argues that Bacon’s elevation of experiment and mathematics as epistemic authorities initiated a structural division between reason and experience that later emerged philosophically as the distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge in Kant. The study explains Aristotle’s