Turkey has long struggled with severe inflation. This problem should not be viewed merely as a technical macroeconomic variable reflecting increases in the general price level. Turkey's inflation experience has exhibited distinct historical turning points across different periods. Historical series compiled by the World Bank from IMF data show that annual consumer inflation generally remained in single digits during the 1960s. However, a marked acceleration emerged during the

This article examines the ethical implications of profitability targets across three institutional domains: litigation departments in law firms, operations departments in hospitals, and private schools. Although all three operate under budget constraints and managerial performance systems, their institutional purposes, moral responsibilities, and permissible trade-offs differ fundamentally. Drawing on Kantian duty ethics, utilitarian welfare analysis, and a broad set of Weste