

The Aeneid: How a Poem Shaped Rome's Historical Memory
Written during the final decades of the first century BCE, Virgil's Aeneid is often celebrated as the masterpiece of Latin epic poetry. For centuries, it served as one of the principal narratives through which Romans understood their origins, justified their political institutions, and imagined their collective destiny. The Aeneid did not merely recount the journey of the Trojan hero Aeneas from the ruins of Troy to Italy. It offered Rome a coherent narrative that linked the
Arda Tunca
Jul 2111 min read


The Jena Circle and the Origins of German Romantic Nationalism
Few periods in European intellectual history have produced such an extraordinary concentration of philosophical, literary, and cultural innovation as the German-speaking lands between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Within little more than half a century, thinkers including Lessing, Kant, Herder, Goethe, Schiller, Fichte, Wilhelm von Humboldt, the Schlegel brothers, Novalis, Schelling, and Hegel transformed debates about reason, freedom, history, culture,
Arda Tunca
Jun 710 min read


Identity, History, and the Burden of Non-Belonging
Long conversations abroad with people from different cultures, educational backgrounds, and income groups reveal a difficult truth about human relationships. Before people get to know one another as individuals, they tend to see each other as representatives of the worlds to which they belong. When you meet someone for the first time, they do not initially see you as “you.” They first see your country. They see the image your society carries in the world. Before you even begi
Arda Tunca
May 116 min read









